Each interim period is considered an integral part of the annual period and, accordingly, we measure our income tax expense using an estimated annual effective tax rate.  A company is required, at the end of each interim reporting period, to make its best estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis, as adjusted for discrete taxable events that occur during the interim period.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.5 million and an income tax provision of $0.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The tax benefit for the three months ended April 30, 2018 includes a $0.1 million tax benefit related to the reversal of tax reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the Polish statute of limitations. Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2019 and in future periods may fluctuate on a quarterly basis, as a result of changes in our jurisdictional forecasts where losses cannot be benefitted due to the existence of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets, changes in actual results versus our estimates, or changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof.

The Company reviews all available evidence to evaluate the recovery of deferred tax assets, including the recent history of losses in all tax jurisdictions, as well as its ability to generate income in future periods. As of April 30, 2018, due to the uncertainty related to the ultimate use of certain deferred income tax assets, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance on certain of its deferred assets.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”) introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system and a one-time tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings (the “Transition Tax”) as of December 31, 2017.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued guidance under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. (“SAB”) 118, which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. The measurement period is deemed to have ended earlier when the registrant has obtained, prepared and analyzed the information necessary to finalize its accounting. During the measurement period, impacts of the law are expected to be recorded at the time a reasonable estimate for all or a portion of the effects can be made, and provisional amounts can be recognized and adjusted as information becomes available, prepared or analyzed.

The Company is still evaluating the provisions of the Tax Reform Act and amounts reflected in the financial statements for the three months ended April 30, 2018 are provisional. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act. The accounting is expected to be completed within the one-year measurement period.

We are subject to additional requirements of the Tax Reform Act during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019. Those provisions include a tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) and a limitation of certain executive compensation. We have elected to account for GILTI as a period cost, and therefore included GILTI expense in the effective tax rate calculation. Our 2018 effective tax rate includes our estimates of these new provisions.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions. We have closed out an audit with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) through fiscal 2013. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations before fiscal 2015. However, the taxing authorities will still have the ability to review the propriety of certain tax attributes created in closed years if such tax attributes are utilized in an open tax year, such as our federal research and development credit carryovers.