Use of Estimates

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill impairment, impairment of long-lived assets, management’s going concern assessment, and the valuation of stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or relevant factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit and highly liquid investments in treasury bills with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of 90 days or less. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted cash represents cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage and consists primarily of cash held as collateral in relation to obligations set forth by the landlord of the Poland facility landlord.

Restricted cash is included as a component of other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Marketable Securities

The Company’s investments, consisting of debt securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value determined to be other than temporary are based on the specific identification method and are included as a component of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company evaluates its investments with unrealized losses for other-than-temporary impairment. When assessing investments for other-than-temporary declines in value, the Company considers such factors as, among other things, how significant the decline in value is as a percentage of the original cost, how long the market value of the investment has been less than its original cost, the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value and market conditions in general. If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment that the Company considers to be “other than temporary,” the Company reduces the investment to fair value through a charge to the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. No such adjustments were necessary during the periods presented.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one

of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

The Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities are carried at fair value determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 3 for further details). The carrying values of the Company's accounts and other receivables, unbilled receivables, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

The Company’s quantitative goodwill impairment tests performed as of July 31, 2022 and October 31, 2022 (see Note 5 for further details) utilized unobservable inputs (Level 3), including projections of future revenue and operating income.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable. The Company has cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities. The Company restricts its cash equivalents and marketable securities to repurchase agreements with major banks and United States (“U.S.”) government and corporate securities which are subject to credit and market risk, and are currently protected by limits offered through the Securities Investor Protection Corporation ("SIPC"). The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of the Company's customers.

On March 10, 2023, our bank, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. To protect depositors, the FDIC transferred all deposits and substantially all of the assets of SVB to a receivership bank to be operated by FDIC as it markets the institution to potential bidders. In addition, the FDIC ultimately guaranteed all of our deposits formerly held with SVB. At the time of the closure, we had funds deposited with SVB in various domestic and foreign accounts totaling $5.0 million. On March 13, 2023, the receivership bank opened, and the Company had access to its accounts and have since transferred $4.6 million to other financial institutions.

The Company sells its software products and services worldwide primarily to service providers, consisting of operators, telecommunications companies, satellite operators and broadcasters. Two customers accounted for 19% and 10% of total revenue in fiscal 2023, respectively. One customer accounted for 11% of total revenue in fiscal 2022. One customer accounted for 21% of the combined accounts receivable, net and unbilled receivables, net, as of January 31, 2023. Two customers each accounted for 10% of the combined accounts receivable, net and unbilled receivables, net as of January 31, 2022.

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

The Company evaluates its customers’ financial condition, requires advance payments from certain of the Company's customers and maintains reserves for potential credit losses. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but generally does not require collateral. For some international customers, the Company may require an irrevocable letter of credit to be issued by the customer before the purchase order is accepted. The Company monitors payments from customers and assess any collection issues. The Company maintains an allowance for specific doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company's customers to make required payments and record these allowances as a charge to general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company bases its general allowances for doubtful accounts on historical collections and write-off experience, current trends, credit assessments, and other analysis of specific customer situations. The Company charges off trade accounts receivables

against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged off are recorded when received.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consists of computer equipment, software and demonstration equipment, office furniture and equipment, and leasehold improvements.

Property and equipment is recorded at cost less depreciation and amortization and is depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the related assets. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:

Segment Information

The Company’s operations are organized into one reportable segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise evaluated regularly by the Company’s senior management in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s reportable segment was determined based upon the nature of the products offered to customers, the market characteristics of each operating segment and the Company’s management structure.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Company records goodwill when consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the value of the net assets acquired. The Company estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time but such estimates are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate and unanticipated events or circumstances may occur, which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on August 1 of each year, and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The Company has determined it is a single reporting unit for the purpose of conducting the goodwill impairment assessment. A goodwill impairment charge is recorded if the Company’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Factors that could lead to a future impairment include material uncertainties such as a significant reduction in projected revenues, a deterioration of projected financial performance, future acquisitions and/or mergers, and a decline in the Company’s market value as a result of a significant decline in the Company’s stock price.

See Note 5 for further details of impairment charges recorded during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. There were no triggering events or impairment charges recorded during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.

Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company amortizes intangible assets over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of consumption of the economic benefits or, if that pattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets primarily consist of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets or groups of assets is assessed based on a comparison of the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If estimated future undiscounted net cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the asset is considered impaired and expense is recorded at an amount required to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. Determining the fair value of

long-lived assets includes significant judgment by management, and different judgments could yield different results.

The Company tests the useful lives and possible impairment of existing recognized long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment has occurred. Factors considered important which could trigger a review include:

Determining whether a triggering event has occurred involves significant judgment (see Note 5 for further details).

The Company tests long-lived assets with definite lives for impairment by comparing the carrying amount to the sum of the net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its net undiscounted cash flows, then an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach or other methods, if appropriate, to assess fair value.

Income Taxes

Income taxes comprise current and deferred income tax. Income taxes are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly within equity or in other comprehensive loss. Income taxes payable, which is included in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, is the expected taxes payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantially-enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized, using the balance sheet method, for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they probably will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantially-enacted by the reporting date.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the countries where the deferred tax assets originated and during the periods when the deferred tax assets become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, the Company may take tax positions that management believes are supportable but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. These interpretational differences with the respective governmental taxing authorities can be impacted by the local economic and fiscal environment. The Company evaluates its tax positions and establishes liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. The Company reviews these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjusts them accordingly.

The Company's policy is to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if and when required, as a component of income tax provision (benefit), in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has made a policy election to treat the global intangible low-taxed income tax as a period expense.

Because there are several estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of the Company’s income tax provision (benefit), certain changes or future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and the Company’s effective tax rate.

Restructuring

Restructuring charges consist of employee-related severance charges, remaining lease obligations and termination costs, and the disposal of related equipment. Restructuring charges represent the Company’s best estimate of the associated liability at the date the charges are recognized. Adjustments for changes in assumptions are recorded as a component of operating expenses in the period they become known (see Note 6 for further details).

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The functional currency of each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the currency of the local country unless otherwise determined that the U.S. dollar would serve as a more appropriate functional currency given the economic operations of the foreign subsidiary. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the period-end exchange rates, and income and expense items are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates in effect during each period. The effects of these foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

The Company also incurs transaction gains and losses resulting from intercompany transactions as well as transactions with customers or vendors denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the legal entity in which the transaction is recorded. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as a component of other income (expense), net. The Company recorded foreign currency net transaction losses of $0.5 million and $0.9 million for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes the Company’s net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. The Company’s only elements of other comprehensive loss are foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in unrealized gains on marketable securities.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022 consists of negative foreign currency translation adjustments of $0.9 million in each year, and unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale marketable securities of less than $0.1 million in each year.

Revenue Recognition

Overview

The Company recognizes revenue following the guidance under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of software licenses and associated third-party hardware and support services, as well as professional services and support fees related to the Company’s software licenses.

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers using a five-step model, which is described below:

Identify the customer contract

A customer contract is generally identified when there is approval and commitment from both the Company and its customer, the rights have been identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability and consideration is probable.

Identify performance obligations in the contract

The Company enters into contracts that include combinations of license, support and professional services, and third-party products, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise to provide a distinct good or service or a series of distinct goods or services. A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and a company’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer, excluding sales and value-added taxes ("VAT") that are collected on behalf of government agencies. Some contracts provide the customer a license to use the Company’s functional intellectual property in exchange for royalty payments. These arrangements may include fixed, minimum guaranteed amounts of consideration as well as a variable amount that is contingent on the revenues earned by the customer related to the license.

Allocate the transaction price to the contract performance obligations

The Company’s contracts typically contain multiple performance obligations. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”) of the goods or services being provided to the customer for which it accounts for individual performance obligations separately.

Recognize revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied

The Company's contracts may contain multiple performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns. Revenue is recognized when or as control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers. The Company’s software licenses may be perpetual, whereby the customer receives rights to use the software for an indefinite time period, or the license may be for a specified term. Transfer of the license and revenue recognition, including minimum guaranteed license royalties, occurs at the point in time the customer has the ability to download, use or access the software. Variable license royalties contingent on customer sales of products are recognized when the subsequent sales occur and the contingency is resolved. The Company’s customers may also contract for a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) offering whereby the customer only has a right to access the Company's software for a defined term. SaaS licenses are recognized ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date the license is made available to customers.

The Company’s services revenue is comprised of support services and professional services. Support services consist of software upgrades on a when-and-if available basis, telephone support, bug fixes or patches and general hardware maintenance support. Revenue related to support services is recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Professional services are recognized as the services are performed.

Revenues attributable to third-party products typically consist of hardware and related support contracts. Hardware products are typically recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the hardware. In situations where the hardware is distinct and it is delivered before services are provided and is functional without services, control is transferred upon delivery or acceptance by the customer. Revenue attributable to third-party support contracts is recognized ratably over the term of the contract.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Once the Company determines the performance obligations, it determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on the SSP. The corresponding revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company determines SSP based on the observable price of goods and services when the Company sells those goods and services separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. The Company estimates the SSP of certain goods and services when there is no directly observable separate pricing under the guidance of ASC 606-10-32-33. If the SSP is not observable through past transactions, the SSP is estimated, taking into account available information such as market conditions, expected margins, and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. The Company enters into contracts with its customers that may include promises to transfer multiple performance obligations in the arrangement, such as software licenses, support, and professional services. The total fee of the contract may consist of one fixed price for all of the performance obligations or each performance obligation may be separately stated in the contract. Regardless of how the performance obligations are priced in the contract, the Company must determine the transaction price to be allocated to each identified performance obligation. The Company recognizes the portion of the transaction price allocated to the software license on a residual basis. The residual basis is used to allocate revenue when the contract arrangement includes a software license and has at least one performance obligation for which the SSP is observable (i.e., hardware and/or support services). The residual method is used as the selling price for software licenses in circumstances when the transaction price is highly variable and the SSP is not discernable from past transactions or other observable evidence. The Company periodically re-evaluates its use of the residual approach estimate compared to all available observable data before concluding the estimate is representative of SSP. In these contracts, the Company typically has observable SSP for the associated support services, and hardware, if applicable. The Company also provides SaaS offerings, combining access to the Company's software platform with support services (inclusive of technical support and unspecified upgrades and bug fixes). The SaaS offering and support services are stand ready obligations with the same pattern of transfer of control. SaaS offerings do not include the right for the customer to take possession of the software during the contract term. Typically, SaaS offerings include one distinct performance obligation, satisfied over time, with revenue recognized ratably over the contract term as the customer consumes the services. Services revenue is comprised of software license implementation, engineering, training and reimbursable expenses. Services are sold on both a standalone basis and as part of the Company's customer contracts. The Company has concluded these services are typically distinct performance obligations. For implementation, engineering and training services, revenue is recognized on an input method as hours are incurred and services are provided compared to total estimated hours. The Company estimates the SSP for fixed price services based on estimated hours adjusted for historical experience using the time and materials rates charged in standalone service arrangements. When sold on a time and materials basis, SSP for services is determined by observable prices in standalone service arrangements. Certain engineering services sold with support contracts are not distinct in the context of the contract and those services are bundled with other distinct services to form a single stand ready performance obligation which is recognized ratably over the relevant service period.

The Company has utilized the cost-plus margin method to determine the SSP for software support services offerings and hardware sales when observable standalone pricing for support service offerings are not readily available. When support services are sold on an “a la carte” basis with the Company’s software offerings, the Company typically determines the SSP of these support services based on this pricing relationship and observable data from standalone sales of support contracts. The expected cost-plus margin for hardware is based on the cost of the hardware from third parties, plus a reasonable markup that the Company believes is reflective of a market-based reseller margin.

Some contracts have payment terms that differ from the timing of revenue recognition, which requires the Company to assess whether the transaction price for those contracts include a significant financing component. The Company has elected the practical expedient that permits an entity to not adjust for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects that at the contract inception, the period between when the entity transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service, will be one year or less. For those contracts in which the period exceeds the one-year threshold, this assessment, as well as the

quantitative estimate of the financing component and its relative significance, requires judgment. The Company estimates the significant financing component provided to its customers with extended payment terms by determining the present value of the future payments by applying an average standard industry discount rate that reflects the customer’s creditworthiness.

Payment terms with customers typically require payment 30 days from invoice date. Agreements with customers do not provide for any refunds for services or products and therefore no specific reserve for such is maintained. In the infrequent instances where customers raise a concern over delivered products or services, the Company has endeavored to remedy the concern and all costs related to such matters have been insignificant in all periods presented.

The Company occasionally enters into amendments to previously executed contracts that may constitute contract modifications. The amendments are assessed to determine if (1) the additional products and services are distinct from the product and services in the original arrangement; and (2) the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the SSP of those products and services. An amendment or contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract or a cumulative catch-up basis.

Contract Balances

When either party to a contract has performed, an entity shall present the contract in the statement of financial position as a contract asset or a contract liability, depending on the relationship between the entity’s performance and the customer’s payment. An entity shall present any unconditional rights to consideration separately as a receivable. Contract liabilities, which consist primarily of deferred revenue as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022, are classified as current liabilities if expected to be invoiced or recognized within the next year. There were no contract assets as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that commissions and special incentive payments (“Spiffs”) for hardware and software maintenance and support and professional services paid under the Company's sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized under ASC 340-40. Costs to obtain a contract are amortized as selling and marketing expense over the expected period of benefit in a manner that is consistent with the transfer of the related goods or services to which the asset relates. Significant judgments made in determining the amount of costs capitalized include whether the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract and the estimate of the amortization period. The commissions and Spiffs related to professional services are amortized over time as work is completed. The commissions and Spiffs for hardware and software maintenance are amortized over the life of the contract. These costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. The Company determined that no impairment of these assets existed as of January 31, 2023 or 2022. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient and recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Total deferred capitalized commission costs were $162 thousand as of January 31, 2023 compared to $297 thousand as of January 31, 2022. Current deferred capitalized commission costs are included in prepaid expense and other current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and non-current deferred capitalized commission costs are included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized commissions expensed during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 were $135 thousand and $256 thousand, respectively, and are included in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period and the weighted average number of potential common shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting of shares of restricted, deferred and performance common stock units (“RSUs”, “DSUs”, and “PSUs”, respectively) using the “treasury stock” method when the

effect is not anti-dilutive. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company issues stock options and RSUs, DSUs and PSUs to certain employees and non-employees, including directors. The Company accounts for RSUs, DSUs, and PSUs with company-defined performance criteria based on the grant date fair value, which is generally the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Expensing of such awards is recognized over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period, on a straight-line basis. In addition, expensing of PSUs with company-defined performance criteria is subject to attainment of such criteria. Expensing of PSUs with market-defined performance criteria is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is recognized over the requisite service period, if fulfilled, regardless of the actual number of awards that vest. The Company accounts for stock option compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the respective award, determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is recognized over the requisite service period of the option, which is generally the vesting period, on a straight-line basis. The Company classifies equity-based compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same way the award recipient’s salary and related costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

See Note 9 for further details.

Leases

The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. A contract is accounted for as a lease when the Company has the right to control the asset for a period of time while obtaining substantially all of the asset’s economic benefits. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains an embedded lease at inception. For arrangements that meet the definition of a lease, the Company determines the initial classification and measurement of its right-of-use operating lease asset and corresponding liability at the lease commencement date. The Company determines the classification and measurement of a modified lease at the date it is modified. The lease term includes only renewal options that are reasonably assured to exercise. The present value of lease payments is typically determined by using the Company’s estimated secured incremental borrowing rate for the associated lease term as interest rates implicit in the leases are not normally readily determinable. Management’s policy is to utilize the practical expedient to not record leases with an original term of twelve months or less on the consolidated balance sheets, and lease payments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company’s existing leases are for facilities only. None of the Company's leases are with related parties. In addition to rent, office leases may require the Company to pay additional amounts for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other expenses, which are generally referred to as non-lease components. As a practical expedient, the Company accounts for the non-lease components together with the lease components as a single lease component for all of the Company's leases. Only the fixed costs for leases are accounted for as a single lease component and recognized as part of a right-of-use asset and liability.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 , Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which introduces a new methodology for accounting for credit losses on financial instruments, including available-for-sale debt securities and accounts receivable. The guidance establishes a new “expected loss model” that requires entities to estimate current expected credit losses on financial instruments by using all practical and relevant information. Any expected credit losses are to be reflected as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The Company is currently evaluating if this guidance will have a material effect to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

All other ASUs issued but not yet effective are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s future financial statements.